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The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
Historical lowest retail price of computer memory and storage Electromechanical memory used in the IBM 602, an early punch multiplying calculator Detail of the back of a section of ENIAC, showing vacuum tubes Williams tube used as memory in the IAS computer c. 1951 8 GB microSDHC card on top of 8 bytes of magnetic-core memory (1 core is 1 bit.)
SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
In 1958, Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments invented the hybrid integrated circuit (hybrid IC), [1] which had external wire connections, making it difficult to mass-produce. [2] In 1959, Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor invented the monolithic integrated circuit (IC) chip. [3] [2] It was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of ...
The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals.
A 64 bit memory chip die, the SP95 Phase 2 buffer memory produced at IBM mid-1960s, versus memory core iron rings 8GB DDR3 RAM stick with a white heatsink. Random-access memory (RAM; / r æ m /) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code.
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VisiCalc ("visible calculator") [1] is the first spreadsheet computer program for personal computers, [2] originally released for the Apple II by VisiCorp on October 17, 1979. [1] [3] It is considered the killer application for the Apple II, [4] turning the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a serious business tool, and then prompting IBM to introduce the IBM PC two years ...