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The basic conceptualization of nature from the perspective of environmental economics is that manufactured capital can be used as a substitute for natural capital. [13] The definition of PES provided by environmental economics is the most popular: a voluntary transaction between a service buyer and service seller that takes place on the condition that either a specific ecosystem service is ...
In the OECD Model Tax Convention, essentially three types of PEs can be construed: [4] A fixed place of business PE (article 5(1)); A construction or project PE, which is a special subset of the fixed place of business PE, with different requirements (article 5(3)); and; An agency PE, through the actions of a dependent agent (article 5(5-6)).
Market price support (MPS) is an indicator, developed by the OECD, [1] used in the calculation of Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents (PSE/CSE). The PSE and CSE acronyms were changed in 1999 to Producer and Consumer Support Estimate.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; French: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, [1] [4] founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
The producer support estimate (PSE) (formerly producer subsidy equivalent) is an indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and the state to agricultural producers, measured at the farm gate level, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives or impacts on farm production or income.
The General Services Support Estimate (GSSE) is an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers of general services provided to agriculture collectively, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives and impacts on farm production, income, or consumption of farm products.
Pes (anatomy), zoological term for the distal portion of the hind limb of tetrapod animals Talipes equinovarus (pes equinovarus), clubfoot; Talipes cavus , clawfoot; Talipes planus (pes planus), flat feet; Talipes valgus (pes valgus), valgus deformity of the foot; Talipes varus (pes varus), varus deformity of the foot; Pes anserinus (leg)
Ireland's capital allowances for intangibles scheme was the BEPS structure to secure it as an ultra-low tax (i.e. 0-3% in perpuity) location for U.S. multinationals, that is in full compliance with all OECD guidelines, and the OECD BEPS project. [63] However, the U.S. and EU's new tax regimes deliberately "override" these IP-based BEPS tools.