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In the OECD Model Tax Convention, essentially three types of PEs can be construed: [4] A fixed place of business PE (article 5(1)); A construction or project PE, which is a special subset of the fixed place of business PE, with different requirements (article 5(3)); and; An agency PE, through the actions of a dependent agent (article 5(5-6)).
The basic conceptualization of nature from the perspective of environmental economics is that manufactured capital can be used as a substitute for natural capital. [13] The definition of PES provided by environmental economics is the most popular: a voluntary transaction between a service buyer and service seller that takes place on the condition that either a specific ecosystem service is ...
Most but not all tax treaties follow the definition of PE in the OECD Model Treaty. [22] Under the OECD definition, a PE is a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is carried on. [23] Certain locations are specifically enumerated as examples of PEs, including branches, offices, workshops, and others.
The General Services Support Estimate (GSSE) is an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers of general services provided to agriculture collectively, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives and impacts on farm production, income, or consumption of farm products.
The annual OECD Forum, which brings together leaders from business, government, labour, civil society and international organisations. Held every year since June 2000, the OECD Forum takes the form of conferences and discussions, is open to public participation and is held in conjunction with the MCM.
In the United States, a federal programme of employment services was rolled out in the New Deal.The initial legislation was called the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933. More recently, job services happen through one-stop centers established by the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, reformed by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2013.
The producer support estimate (PSE) (formerly producer subsidy equivalent) is an indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and the state to agricultural producers, measured at the farm gate level, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives or impacts on farm production or income.
Market price support (MPS) is an indicator, developed by the OECD, [1] used in the calculation of Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents (PSE/CSE). The PSE and CSE acronyms were changed in 1999 to Producer and Consumer Support Estimate.