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Writer's cramp is a task-specific focal dystonia of the hand. [4] 'Focal' refers to the symptoms being limited to one location (the hand in this case), and 'task-specific' means that symptoms first occur only when the individual engages in a particular activity.
For example, in focal hand dystonia, or writer's cramp, the fingers either curl into the palm or extend outward without control. In musicians, the condition is called musician's focal dystonia, or simply, musician's dystonia. In sports, it may be involved in what is commonly referred to as the yips. The condition appears to be associated with ...
Recently, the procedure of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven successful in a number of cases of severe generalised dystonia. [43] DBS as treatment for medication-refractory dystonia, on the other hand, may increase the risk of suicide in patients. However, reference data of patients without DBS therapy are lacking. [44]
It is a type of focal dystonia. [3] While there is no cure, treatment may improve symptoms. [1] Most commonly this involves injecting botulinum toxin into the affected muscles of the larynx. [1] This generally results in improvement for a few months. [1] Other measures include voice therapy, counselling, and amplification devices. [1]
Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. [3] Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by their underlying ...
The patient with tremor should be asked to copy rhythmical movements with one hand or foot. If the tremor of the other hand entrains to the same rhythm, stops, or if the patient has trouble copying a simple movement this may indicate a functional tremor. Functional dystonia usually presents with an inverted ankle posture or clenched fist. [18]
[1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals. Because most people are not diagnostically trained or knowledgeable, they typically describe their symptoms in layman's terms, rather than using specific medical terminology. This list is not exhaustive.
No medication is available to treat all symptoms. [1] Botox has been shown to help with focal dystonia. [1] The dopamine depleter Tetrabenazine shown to help with involuntary movements. [1] Symptoms affecting movement (dystonia) have also been treated with L-Dopa, orphenadrine, benzhexol, sulpiride, diazepam, clonazepam, and deanol. [4]