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  2. Earth's energy budget - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_energy_budget

    Earth's energy budget (or Earth's energy balance) is the balance between the energy that Earth receives from the Sun and the energy the Earth loses back into outer space. Smaller energy sources, such as Earth's internal heat, are taken into consideration, but make a tiny contribution compared to solar energy.

  3. Earth system science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science

    Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  4. Energy hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_hierarchy

    Energy efficiency was a lower priority when energy was cheap and awareness of its environmental impact was low. In 1975 the average fuel economy of a car in the US was under 15 miles per gallon [ 6 ] Incandescent light bulbs, which were the most common type until the late 20th century, waste 90% of their energy as heat, with only 10% converted ...

  5. Energy system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_system

    Physical components of a generic energy system supplying fuels and electricity (but not district heat) to end-users. An energy system is a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to end-users. [1]: 941 The intent behind energy systems is to minimise energy losses to a negligible level, as well as to ensure the efficient use of ...

  6. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    The unidirectional flow of energy and the successive loss of energy as it travels up the food web are patterns in energy flow that are governed by thermodynamics, which is the theory of energy exchange between systems. [4] [5] Trophic dynamics relates to thermodynamics because it deals with the transfer and transformation of energy (originating ...

  7. Energy engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_engineering

    Solar panels, a tool for harnessing renewable energy Wind turbines, a tool for harnessing renewable energy. Energy engineering is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on optimizing energy systems, developing renewable energy technologies, and improving energy efficiency to meet the world's growing demand for energy in a sustainable manner.

  8. Energy modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_modeling

    Energy modeling or energy system modeling is the process of building computer models of energy systems in order to analyze them. Such models often employ scenario analysis to investigate different assumptions about the technical and economic conditions at play.

  9. Climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system

    The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).