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Treatment generally includes supportive care including pain management and possibly diuretics. [5] In those with severe disease due to a bone marrow transplant, defibrotide is a proposed treatment. [6] It has been approved for use in severe cases in Europe and the United States. [7] [8] A placebo controlled trial, however, has not been done as ...
Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig ...
Myelosuppression and rarely malignancy, hepatitis, infection, hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and hypersensitivity reactions. Cyclophosphamide: Nitrogen mustard that cross-links DNA base pairs, leading to breakages and triggering apoptosis in haematopoietic cells. PO, IV: D (Au)
The epidemiology of cranial venous outflow obstruction is not well-studied, and the condition is likely underdiagnosed due to the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. However, it is known to affect individuals of all ages, with a higher prevalence in females and individuals with anatomical venous disorders (varicose veins), certain risk factors ...
Several hypotheses are given, such as it arises from sinusoidal epithelial damage, [13] increased sinusoidal pressure due to obstruction in blood outflow from the liver, or hepatocellular necrosis. [1] Peliosis hepatis is associated with infections, cancers, organ transplantation, blood disorders, autoimmune conditions, and certain medications. [6]
The liver damage can consist of damage to liver cells, hepatic sinusoidal syndrome (obstruction of the veins in the liver), cholestasis (where bile does not flow from the liver to the intestine) and liver fibrosis. [127] [128] Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) can be caused by tumor lysis syndrome and also due direct effects of drug clearance by ...
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
Pelvic congestion syndrome, also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long-term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] The condition may cause chronic pain , such as a constant dull ache, which can be worsened by standing or sex. [ 1 ]