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[6] [7] There are thus the concepts of overt and covert prestige. Overt prestige is related to standard and "formal" language features, and expresses power and status; covert prestige is related more to vernacular and often patois, and expresses solidarity, community and group identity more than authority. [8]
This example does not use PRO, but instead, uses an overt pronoun ("you") in the specifier position of the embedded non-finite clause: 1a) He i would like you j to stay. This example does use PRO, because instead of an overt pronoun, there is an empty category which is co-referenced with "He", appearing in the specifier position of the non ...
Covert prestige refers to the relatively high value placed towards a non-standard form of a variety in a speech community. This concept was pioneered by the linguist William Labov, in his study of New York City English speakers that while high linguistic prestige is usually more associated with standard forms of language, this pattern also implies that a similar one should exist for working ...
Covert hypnosis, like "Ericksonian Hypnosis", [clarification needed] "operates through covert and subtle means... to reach deeper levels of consciousness than are touched by the surface structure of language". [12] It is the concept that an individual, 'the hypnotist,' can control another individual's behavior via gaining rapport. [13]
In linguistics, a feature of a word or phrase is said to be covert if there is no surface evidence of its existence within that word or phrase. For example, many languages have covert grammatical gender in nouns, in that there is no way to tell from the form of a noun which gender it is; gender only becomes apparent in, for example, articles and adjectival agreement, which depend on gender.
Attention may be differentiated into "overt" versus "covert" orienting. [50] Overt orienting is the act of selectively attending to an item or location over others by moving the eyes to point in that direction. [51] Overt orienting can be directly observed in the form of eye movements.
The advantage that the overt approach has over the covert approach is that there is no deception (see, for example, PCIA-II [4] Participant Observation – The researcher participates in what they are observing so as to get a finer appreciation of the phenomena.
The original sample of children (ages 6–11) in 1983 consisted of 1,125 subjects. Three main areas were studied in the subjects: status violations, overt behavior, and covert behavior. Children exhibiting overt behavior were found to have two times greater risk for covert behavior as an adolescent and three times greater risk for it in adulthood.