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Many bacteria can survive adverse conditions such as temperature, desiccation, and antibiotics by forming endospores, cysts, or general states of reduced metabolic activity lacking specialized cellular structures. [15] Up to 80% of the bacteria in samples from the wild appear to be metabolically inactive [16] —many of which can be ...
Yet, some scientists have also raised concerns about the possibility that some metabolically dormant bacteria and protists, as well as always metabolically inactive viruses, may both survive the thaw and either threaten humans directly, or affect some of the animal or plant species important for human wellbeing.
Bacteria genera found in both air samples and the Antarctic include Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Pseudomonas. [7] Bacteria were also found living in the cold and dark in a lake buried a half-mile deep (0.80 km) under the ice in Antarctica. [10] [11] [12]
Many groups of single-celled, microscopic organisms, or microbes, [1] possess the ability to enter this dormant state. Encystment, the process of cyst formation, can function as a method for dispersal and as a way for an organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. These two functions can be combined when a microbe needs to be ...
Selaginella lepidophylla, the seemingly fragile resurrection plant, forms a crucial partnership with desert soil bacteria. [10] During its dormant state, S. lepidophylla releases organic compounds that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria, creating a protective layer around its roots. In turn, these bacteria aid in nutrient acquisition ...
Some extremophile members of Chroococcidiopsis are known for their ability to survive harsh environmental conditions, including both high and low temperatures, ionizing radiation, and high salinity. Chroococcidiopsis are able to survive in a dormant state for at least 13 million years, with the ability to reactivate after this time.
A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet or biofilm of microbial colonies, composed of mainly bacteria and/or archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces, but a few survive in deserts. [1] A few are found as endosymbionts of animals.
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. [1] [2] The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form (endo means 'within'), but it is not a true spore (i.e., not an offspring). It is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself.