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Archaeological sites in Peru are numerous and diverse, representing different aspects including temples and fortresses of the various cultures of ancient Peru, such as the Moche and Nazca. The sites vary in importance from small local sites to UNESCO World Heritage sites of global importance. [ 1 ]
Peruvian territory was inhabited 14,000 years ago by hunters and gatherers. Subsequent developments include the appearance of sedentary communities that developed agriculture and irrigation, and the emergence of complex socio-political hierarchies that created sophisticated civilizations, technology and monumental construction.
An alternative dating system was developed by Luis Lumbreras and provides different dates for some archaeological finds. Most of the cultures of the Late Horizon and some of the cultures of the Late Intermediate joined the Inca Empire by 1493, but the period ends in 1532 because that marks the fall of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest .
Archaeologists have been aware of ancient sites in the area since at least the 1940s; early work occurred at Aspero on the coast, a site identified as early as 1905, [7] and later at Caral, farther inland. In the late 1990s, Peruvian archaeologists, led by Ruth Shady, provided the first extensive documentation of the civilization with work at ...
The Moche civilization (Spanish pronunciation:; alternatively, the Moche culture or the Early, Pre- or Proto-Chimú) flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru [1] [2] from about 100 to 800 AD during the Regional Development Epoch. While this issue is the subject of some debate, many scholars contend ...
Nazca Female Effigy Figure, made of sperm whale tooth, shell and hair. The Nazca culture (also Nasca) was the archaeological culture that flourished from c. 100 BC to 800 AD beside the arid, southern coast of Peru in the river valleys of the Rio Grande de Nazca drainage and the Ica Valley. [1]
The Nazca lines (/ ˈ n ɑː z k ə /, /-k ɑː / [1]) are a group of over 700 geoglyphs made in the soil of the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. [2] [3] They were created between 500 BC and 500 AD by people making depressions or shallow incisions in the desert floor, removing pebbles and leaving different-colored dirt exposed. [4]
The Cupisnique culture was a pre-Columbian indigenous culture that flourished from c. 1500 to 500 BC [1] along what now is Peru's northern Pacific coast. The culture had a distinctive style of adobe clay architecture. [2] Artifacts of the culture share artistic styles and religious symbols with the Chavin culture that arose in the same area at ...