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The Catechism of the Catholic Church specifies that all sex acts must be both unitive and procreative. [8] In addition to condemning use of artificial birth control as intrinsically evil, [9] non-procreative sex acts such as mutual masturbation and anal sex are ruled out as ways to avoid pregnancy. [10]
This system was a main form of birth control available to Catholic couples for several decades, until the popularization of symptoms-based fertility awareness methods. A new development in calendar-based methods occurred in 2002, when Georgetown University introduced the Standard Days Method. The Standard Days Method is promoted in conjunction ...
Protestant Reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin were opposed to unnatural birth control. [11] Centuries later, John Wesley, the leader of the Methodist movement said that unnatural birth control could destroy one's soul. [11] If the Manichaeans had an accurate idea of the fertile portion of the menstrual cycle, such knowledge died ...
Since early Islamic history, Muslim scholars approved of the use of birth control if the two spouses both agreed to it. [43] Coitus interruptus, a primitive form of birth control, was a known practice at the time of Muhammad, and his companions engaged in it. Muhammad knew about this but never advised or preached against it.
The existence of artificial methods of birth control predates Christianity; the Catholic Church as well as all Christian denominations condemned artificial methods of birth control throughout their respective histories. This began to change in the 20th century when the Church of England became the first to accept the practice in 1930. [73]
Pope Paul VI, rejecting the majority report of the 1963–66 Pontifical Commission on Birth Control, confirmed the Catholic Church's traditional teaching on contraception, defined as "every action which, whether in anticipation of the conjugal act, or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as ...
Catholic directives prohibiting methotrexate are ignored by hospitals because they are too far out of step with current practice to survive malpractice lawsuits. [30] Although the ERDs and the Catholic Medical Association officially prohibit this use of methotrexate, the Catholic Health Association website says that methotrexate is acceptable.
While the pope and the bishops have opposed birth control, the majority of American Catholics disagree with them, and believe the church should change its teaching on birth control. A Pew Research poll conducted in 2013 found that three-quarters of U.S. Catholics (76%) say the church should permit birth control. [49]