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In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is uniformly isotropic and homogeneous when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act equally throughout the universe on a large scale, and should, therefore, produce no observable inequalities in the large-scale structuring over the course ...
The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, [2] and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff in Cosmologia Generalis. [3] Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and ...
The nature of both dark energy and dark matter is unknown. Dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that has not yet been identified, accounts for 26.8% of the cosmic contents. Dark energy, which is the energy of empty space and is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate, accounts for the remaining 68.3% of the contents. [8] [97] [98]
The standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, assumes the Copernican principle and the more general cosmological principle. Some cosmologists and theoretical physicists have created models without the cosmological or Copernican principles to constrain the values of observational results, to address specific known issues in the Lambda ...
k = +1, 0 or −1 depending on whether the shape of the universe is a closed 3-sphere, flat (Euclidean space) or an open 3-hyperboloid, respectively. [4] If k = +1, then a is the radius of curvature of the universe. If k = 0, then a may be fixed to any arbitrary positive number at one particular time.
Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. A cosmological model , or simply cosmology , provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin , structure, evolution , and ultimate fate . [ 1 ]
The Big Bang theory, which explains the Evolution of the Universe from a hot and dense state, is widely accepted by physicists.. In astronomy, cosmogony is the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system.
For scientific confirmation, Craig refers to evidence in cosmology and theoretical physics: The standard model of cosmology, which characterises the origin of the universe in the Big Bang. [43] The second law of thermodynamics, which stipulates that the universe must, in a finite duration, reach a state of equilibrium known as heat death. If ...