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The cell wall is the relatively rigid structure surrounding the plant cell. The cell wall provides lateral strength to resist osmotic turgor pressure, but it is flexible enough to allow cell growth when needed; it also serves as a medium for intercellular communication. The cell wall comprises multiple laminate layers of cellulose microfibrils ...
The secondary cell wall, a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. It is not found in all cell types. It is not found in all cell types. Some cells, such as the conducting cells in xylem , possess a secondary wall containing lignin , which strengthens and waterproofs the wall.
A non-biological entity with a cellular organizational structure (also known as a cellular organization, cellular system, nodal organization, nodal structure, et cetera) is set up in such a way that it mimics how natural systems within biology work, with individual 'cells' or 'nodes' working somewhat independently to establish goals and tasks ...
Components of a typical plant cell: a. Plasmodesmata b. Plasma membrane c. Cell wall 1. Chloroplast d. Thylakoid membrane e. Starch grain 2. Vacuole f. Vacuole g. Tonoplast h. Mitochondrion i. Peroxisome j. Cytoplasm k. Small membranous vesicles l. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Nucleus m. Nuclear pore n. Nuclear envelope o. Nucleolus p ...
The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan (poly-N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid), which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape. It is ...
For example, neurotransmitters "jump" from cell to cell to facilitate the transmission of an electric current in the nervous system. Hormones also act by travelling the extracellular space towards cell receptors. In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the ...
Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, but is absent in some eukaryotes, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall, only a cell membrane.
Cell mechanics is a sub-field of biophysics that focuses on the mechanical properties and behavior of living cells and how it relates to cell function. [1] It encompasses aspects of cell biophysics , biomechanics , soft matter physics and rheology , mechanobiology and cell biology .