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  2. List of DOS commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands

    It is specifically available only in versions of MS-DOS 6.0 and higher, [1] and in Microsoft Windows 9x. In Windows NT, the functionality provided exists but is handled by the command rd or rmdir which has slightly different syntax. This command is not present in Windows 7 and 8. In Windows 10, the command switch is RD /S or RMDIR /S.

  3. QEMM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMM

    It was a virtual memory compression utility for Windows 3.1, Windows For Workgroups and Windows 95. MagnaRAM is included with QEMM 97. MagnaRAM was also released as a separate utility. [2] MagnaRAM worked by replacing a portion of Windows' virtual memory system. MagnaRAM would insert itself in the string of Windows Programs that determined what ...

  4. Virtual DOS machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine

    Virtual DOS machines can operate either exclusively through typical software emulation methods (e.g. dynamic recompilation) or can rely on the virtual 8086 mode of the Intel 80386 processor, which allows real mode 8086 software to run in a controlled environment by catching all operations which involve accessing protected hardware and forwarding them to the normal operating system (as exceptions).

  5. Windows Display Driver Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Display_Driver_Model

    Windows 10 includes WDDM 2.0, which is designed to dramatically reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver for GPUs that support virtual memory addressing, [37] to allow multithreading parallelism in the user-mode driver and result in lower CPU utilization.

  6. DOS memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS_memory_management

    Virtual memory in the 8088 and 8086 was not supported by the processor hardware, and disk technology of the time would make it too slow and cumbersome to be practical. Expanded memory was a system that allowed application programs to access more RAM than directly visible to the processor's address space. The process was a form of bank switching.

  7. VGA text mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA_text_mode

    The VGA text buffer is located at physical memory address 0xB8000. [14] Since this address is usually used by 16-bit x86 processes operating in real-mode, it is also the first half of memory segment 0xB800. The text buffer data can be read and written, and bitwise operations can be applied. A part of text buffer memory above the scope of the ...

  8. X window manager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager

    A virtual window manager is a window manager that uses virtual screens, whose resolution can be higher than the resolution of one's monitor/display adapter thus resembling a two dimensional virtual desktop with its viewport. This environment is very useful when one wishes to have a large number of windows open at the same time.

  9. Conventional memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_memory

    Windows installs its own version of HIMEM.SYS [15] on DOS 3.3 and higher. Windows HIMEM.SYS launches 32-bit protected mode XMS (n).0 services provider for the Windows Virtual Machine Manager, which then provides XMS (n-1).0 services to DOS boxes and the 16-bit Windows machine (e.g. DOS 7 HIMEM.SYS is XMS 3.0 but running 'MEM' command in a ...