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Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus). [3] It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, [ 4 ] and by Silverman and Rubinstein.
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. [1] [2] As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. [3]Fourteen species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent.
The cause of PML is a type of polyomavirus called the JC virus (JCV), after the initials of the person (John Cunningham) from whose tissue the virus was first successfully cultured. Publications indicate 39 [ 3 ] to 58% [ 4 ] of the general population are seropositive for antibodies to JCV, indicating current or previous infection with the virus.
The BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, [1] but significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed. BK virus is an abbreviation of the name of the first patient, from whom the ...
Agnoprotein is typically quite short: examples from BK virus, JC virus, and SV40 are 62, 71, and 66 amino acid residues long, respectively. Among other known polyomavirus genomes with a predicted agnogene, the length of the resulting predicted protein varies considerably, from as short as 30 to as long as 154 residues. [3]
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses.Mammals and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 13 species in this family, divided among 1 genera, Polyomavirus (type species Simian virus 40).
The major functions of LTag in the viral life cycle involve dysregulation of the host cell's cell cycle and replication of the virus's circular DNA genome. Because polyomavirus genome replication relies on the DNA replication machinery of the host cell, the cell must be in S phase (the part of the cell cycle in which the host cell's genome is ...
It was identified by sequence homology to known human polyomaviruses BK virus and JC virus, and simian polyomavirus SV40. [1] KI virus was the third human polyomavirus described and the first to be discovered since BK and JC in 1971. [2] A very similar respiratory virus, WU virus, was also reported later in 2007. [3]