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A survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2011–2012 found 11% of children between the ages of 4 and 17 were reported to have ever received a health care provider diagnosis of ADHD at some point (15% of boys and 7% of girls), [182] a 16% increase since 2007 and a 41% increase over the last decade. [183]
ADHD is diagnosed approximately twice as often in boys as in girls, [5] [336] and 1.6 times more often in men than in women, [5] although the disorder is overlooked in girls or diagnosed in later life because their symptoms sometimes differ from diagnostic criteria.
This meant up to 10% of children in the U.S. were described as having ADHD. Current estimates suggest that ADHD is present internationally in about 7.2% of children. [33] ADHD is diagnosed around 5 times more often in boys than girls. Reasons for this disparity are debated, but likely involve both biological and social/diagnostic factors.
These guidelines reviewed studies by Ford et al. that found that 3.6 percent of boys and 0.85 percent of girls in Britain qualified for a diagnosis of ADHD using the American DSM-IV criteria. [11] The guidelines go on to state that the prevalence drops to 1.5% when using the stricter criteria for the ICD-10 diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder ...
However, it is not all good news: High doses of ADHD medication have also been linked to a heightened risk of psychosis, prompting doctors to exercise extra caution in treating their patients.
This same review reported a global combined prevalence of ADHD of 10% in boys and 5% in girls. [58] While the male-to-female ratio of ADHD diagnoses in childhood is about 2.3:1 in children, it approaches 1.5:1 or lower in adulthood. [15] [9] This is consistent with research revealing underdiagnosis of ADHD in females during childhood. [9]
Adolescents with severe ADHD would likely benefit most from both medication and behavioral treatment. Younger children should go through behavioral treatment before being treated with medication. Another recommended form of treatment for children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD would be counseling from a mental health professional.
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