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Stonefish stings are extremely painful and potentially lethal. [13] The two most recommended treatments are the application of heat to the affected area and antivenom. Hot water (at a temperature of at least 45 °C (113 °F )) [ 14 ] applied to the injured area has been found to denature stonefish venom, and causes minimal discomfort to the victim.
Reef stonefish in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Synanceia verrucosa, the reef stonefish or simply stonefish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives.
Synanceia nana, the Red Sea stonefish or dwarf scorpionfish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, a stonefish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.
Synanceiinae, or the family Synanceiidae, was first named and recognised as a grouping of related taxa by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1839. [1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World treats this grouping as a subfamily within the family Scorpaenidae, dividing the subfamily into the three tribes: Minoini, Choridactylini and Synanceiini. [3]
Despite its formidable defenses, stonefish have predators. Some bottom feeding rays and sharks with crushing teeth feed on them, as does the Stokes' seasnake. [10] The lionfish is a venomous coral reef fish. [11] Unlike stonefish, a lionfish can release venom only if something strikes its spines.
The blackfin stonefish has 15 to 17 spines and 4 to 6 soft rays in its dorsal fin, typical counts being 16 spines and 4 soft rays. There are 3 spines and 7 or 8 soft spines in the anal fin, 14-15 fin rays in the pectoral fin and a single spine and 5 soft rays in the pelvic fins. All the fin rays are simple and are not branched.
Synanceia horrida, the estuarine stonefish, hollow-cheek stonefish, horrid stonefish, rough stonefish or true stonefish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, a stonefish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is a benthic fish ...
The stonefish, Synanceia verrucosa, has a diverse set of toxins that disrupts basic human ability. When injected with the toxins found in the dorsal fins of the fish, individuals will suffer from skeletal muscle paralysis , extreme pain, seizures , convulsions , respiratory arrest , and damage to the cardiovascular system . [ 1 ]