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Compromised liver or kidney function with drugs that inhibit an enzyme called CYP3A4 [46] Pre-existing ophthalmopathy (eye disorders) [ 47 ] Avoid usage during pregnancy as it can inhibit meiosis , a specific form of cell division that takes place in oocytes , which are specialized reproductive cells in females [ 48 ]
They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coagulation disorders, heart failure and coronary artery disease. [1] These drugs are prescription-only medicines, meaning that they should be administered strictly under a doctor’s instruction and can only ...
Pharmacological cardiotoxicity is defined as cardiac damage that occurs under the action of a drug. This can occur both through damage of cardiac muscle as well as through alteration of the ion currents of cardiomyocytes. [1] Two distinct drug classes in which cardiotoxicity can occur are in anti-cancer and antiarrhythmic drugs.
It works partly by increasing the time before a heart cell can contract again. [4] [6] Amiodarone was first made in 1961 and came into medical use in 1962 for chest pain believed to be related to the heart. [8] It was pulled from the market in 1967 due to side effects. [9] In 1974 it was found to be useful for arrhythmias and reintroduced. [9]
The most important adverse side effects are muscle problems, an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, and increased liver enzymes in the blood due to liver damage. [5] [65] Over 5 years of treatment statins result in 75 cases of diabetes, 7.5 cases of bleeding stroke, and 5 cases of muscle damage per 10,000 people treated. [34]
Heart issues like angina, narrowing of the aortic valve, irregular heartbeat or heart failure, or have previously had a stroke or heart attack. Blood cell-related conditions, such as multiple ...
Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel antagonist that selectively inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes. [42] It targets L-type calcium channels in muscle cells and N-type calcium channels in the central nervous system which are involved in nociceptive signalling and pain perception.
Beta-adrenergic receptors are found on cells of the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, arteries, kidneys, and other tissues that are part of the sympathetic nervous system and lead to stress responses, especially when they are stimulated by epinephrine (adrenaline). Beta blockers interfere with the binding to the receptor of epinephrine ...