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The Shincho Koki chronicle also describes a similar outcome when starved soldiers were fed after the surrender at the siege of Tottori castle on October 25, 1581. [ 10 ] There were numerous cases of refeeding syndrome in the Siege of Leningrad during World War II , with Soviet civilians trapped in the city having become malnourished due to the ...
The self-starvation practice of anorexia mirabilis was a behavior only adopted by women, particularly in the Middle Ages, as a way to imitate the suffering of Jesus in his torments during the Passion, as women preferred to experience this voluntary pain by fasting, whereas holy men experienced suffering through physical punishment. [3]
As the definitions of starving and malnourished people are different, the number of starving people is different from that of malnourished. Generally, far fewer people are starving than are malnourished. The proportion of malnourished and starving people in the world has been more or less continually decreasing for at least several centuries. [31]
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
Using the body mass index as a measure of weight-related health, with data from 2014, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight in women and men were 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively. These values were lower than what was reported for 1975 as 14.6% and 13.8%, respectively, indicating a worldwide reduction in the extent of undernutrition. [6]
Starved child in Somalia. Linked to 1 ⁄ 3 of all child deaths, malnutrition is especially dangerous for women and children. Malnourished women will usually have malnourished fetuses while they are pregnant, which can lead to physically and mentally stunted children, creating a cycle of malnutrition and underdevelopment.
[7] [8] [9] Most of the war casualties were civilians [10] particularly children, who were especially vulnerable to malnutrition. [ 1 ] [ 11 ] Another consequence of the blockade was a rise in violent crime in Biafra, particularly violent extraction of food from civilians by underfed soldiers in the Biafran army.
Women and children usually consumed the brain, the organ in which infectious prions were most concentrated, thus allowing for transmission of kuru. The disease was therefore more prevalent among women and children. The epidemic likely started when a villager developed sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and died. When villagers ate the brain ...