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Nitroso compounds present in stool do not induce nitrosamine formation, because stool has neutral pH. [7] [8] Stomach acid catalyzes nitrosamine compound formation and is the main location of the reaction during digestion. [9] The formation process is inhibited when amine concentration is low (e.g. a low-protein diet or no fermented food).
Nitroso compounds present in stool do not induce nitrosamine formation, because stool has neutral pH. [23] [24] Stomach acid catalyzes nitrosamine compound formation and is the main location of the reaction during digestion. [25] The formation process is inhibited when amine concentration is low (e.g. a low-protein diet or no fermented food).
According to AAFCO Dog and Cat Food Nutrient Profiles (2014), the minimum amount of AA for the growth and reproduction in cat food is 0.02% on a dry matter basis or 0.05g per 1000 kcal ME per day. [9] The minimum of adult maintenance in cats is 0.02% on a dry matter basis or 0.05g per 1000 kcal ME per day. [9]
Generally, people should not be exposed to a lifetime risk of cancer exceeding 1 in 100,000 from nitrosamines in their medicines. [12] EU regulators first became aware of nitrosamines in medicines in mid-2018, and took regulatory actions, including recalling medicines and stopping the use of active substances from certain manufacturers. [12]
An alternative possible formation of diazonium and carbenium ions is through the enzymatic reaction of nitrosamines. [ 5 ] Typical accompanying symptoms during the medical cancer treatment via N -nitroso ureas are the impairment of bone marrow (damage of the stem cell compartment), lymphatic tissue and the gastrointestinal tract.
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Obesity is common in adult cats, but much less so in senior cats. [4] Of all feline life stages it has been demonstrated that senior cats are the most often underweight. [9] Research has shown that fat and protein digestibility decrease with age in cats, causing seniors to have a higher dietary requirement for these macronutrients. [8]
Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. [1] Others include N ′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). NNK and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are potent systemic lung carcinogens in rats ...