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  2. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3]

  3. Square antiprismatic molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_antiprismatic...

    This shape has D 4d symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for octacoordinate transition metal complexes, along with the dodecahedron and the bicapped trigonal prism. [2] [3] Like with other high coordination numbers, eight-coordinate compounds are often distorted from idealized geometries, as illustrated by the structure of Na 3 TaF 8.

  4. Square antiprism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_antiprism

    According to the VSEPR theory of molecular geometry in chemistry, which is based on the general principle of maximizing the distances between points, a square antiprism is the favoured geometry when eight pairs of electrons surround a central atom. One molecule with this geometry is the octafluoroxenate(VI) ion (XeF 2−

  5. Square pyramidal molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_pyramidal_molecular...

    The point group symmetry involved is of type C 4v. The geometry is common for certain main group compounds that have a stereochemically -active lone pair , as described by VSEPR theory . Certain compounds crystallize in both the trigonal bipyramidal and the square pyramidal structures, notably [Ni(CN) 5 ] 3− .

  6. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    According to VSEPR theory, diethyl ether, methanol, water and oxygen difluoride should all have a bond angle of 109.5 o. [12] Using VSEPR theory, all these molecules should have the same bond angle because they have the same "bent" shape. [12] Yet, clearly the bond angles between all these molecules deviate from their ideal geometries in ...

  7. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    Some common shapes of simple molecules include: Linear: In a linear model, atoms are connected in a straight line. The bond angles are set at 180°. For example, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide have a linear molecular shape. Trigonal planar: Molecules with the trigonal planar shape are somewhat triangular and in one plane (flat). Consequently ...

  8. Bent molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_molecular_geometry

    They have central angles from 104° to 109.5°, where the latter is consistent with a simplistic theory which predicts the tetrahedral symmetry of four sp 3 hybridised orbitals. The most common actual angles are 105°, 107°, and 109°: they vary because of the different properties of the peripheral atoms (X).

  9. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    Orbitals of same symmetry and similar energy levels can then be mixed to form a new set of molecular orbitals with bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding characteristics. In the simple MO diagram of H 2 O , the 2s orbital of oxygen is mixed with the premixed hydrogen orbitals, forming a new bonding (2 a 1 ) and antibonding orbital (4 a 1 ).