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[8] [10] Climate change, a result of this excess CO 2 in the atmosphere, has increased the temperature of the ocean and atmosphere. [11] The slowed rate of global warming occurring from 2000–2010 [12] may be attributed to an observed increase in upper ocean heat content. [13] [14]
The ocean temperature varies from place to place. Temperatures are higher near the equator and lower at the poles. As a result, changes in total ocean heat content best illustrate ocean warming. When compared to 1969–1993, heat uptake has increased between 1993 and 2017. [5]: 457
Ocean acidification means that the average seawater pH value is dropping over time. [1]Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean.Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. [2]
Since the carbon cycle is tightly connected to the issue of ocean acidification, the most effective method for minimizing the effects of ocean acidification is to slow climate change. Anthropogenic inputs of CO 2 can be reduced through methods such as limiting the use of fossil fuels and employing renewable energies.
Over a year of astonishing ocean heat has given way to the largest coral bleaching on record. Story by Reuters. October 18, 2024 at 7:07 AM. 1 / 3.
In addition, climate change impacts oceanic currents and sea levels, further altering fish distributions and habitats. Furthermore, ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO2 levels, compromises the ability of shellfish and corals to form shells and skeletons, further endangering marine ecosystems and the communities that depend on them. [7]
Just as on land, heat waves in the ocean occur more frequently due to climate change, harming a wide range of organisms such as corals, kelp, and seabirds. [223] Ocean acidification makes it harder for marine calcifying organisms such as mussels, barnacles and corals to produce shells and skeletons; and heatwaves have bleached coral reefs. [224]
The salts come from erosion and transport of dissolved salts from the land. The surface salinity of the ocean is a key variable in the climate system when studying the global water cycle, ocean–atmosphere exchanges and ocean circulation, all vital components transporting heat, momentum, carbon and nutrients around the world. [84]