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The Abkhaz alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet used for the Abkhaz language. Abkhaz did not become a written language until the 19th century. Up until then, Abkhazians, especially princes, had been using Greek (up to c. 9th century), Georgian (9–19th centuries), and partially Turkish (18th century) languages. [ 2 ]
Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language [8] [9] and is thus related to Adyghe.The language of Abkhaz is especially close to Abaza, and they are sometimes considered dialects of the same language, [10] [11] Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum.
sons of Abkhazia! Shed blood for Abkhazia, sons of Abkhazia! Shed blood for independence, sons of Abkhazia! O-ho-ho-o-ho-o-rada! O-ho-ho-o-ho-radara! Like the sun in the sky, starry you are always Abkhazia! Heavenly (star) pearl Abkhazia Your love has warmed countless hearts, with mountains and seas put on you. People conscience also puts on you.
Sha with breve (Ш̆ ш̆) is an additional letter of the Cyrillic script which was used for Abkhaz and Komi at the start of the 20th century. It is composed of a sha Ш with a breve . Usages
The Abkhaz language belongs to the isolate Northwest Caucasian language family, also known as Abkhaz–Adyghe or North Pontic family, which groups the dialectic continuum spoken by the Abaza–Abkhaz (Abazgi) and Adyghe ("Circassians" in English). [19] Abkhazians are closely ethnically related to Circassians. [20]
Abkhaz has only two distinctive vowels: an open vowel /a ~ ɑ/ and a close vowel /ɨ ~ ə/. These basic vowels have a wide range of allophones in different consonantal environments, with allophones [e] and [i] respectively next to palatals , [o] and [u] next to labials , and [ø] and [y] next to labiopalatals.
Shayan Javadi, the Persian translator of "Nart" by matching the Ossetian, Abkhaz, Abaza, Circassian, and Ubykh versions, has been able to identify the lineage of some characters who have only been named. For instance, by recreating a character named "Qânzezâd (Abaza: Qanzhoquo)," he believes that he is the son of Azaukhan in the Ossetian version.