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Research indicates that individuals are faster and more accurate at recognizing faces of ingroup vs. outgroup members. [11] For example, researchers in a cross-race recognition study recorded blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (BOLD) activity from black and white participants while they viewed and attempted to remember pictures of ...
The ingroup vs. outgroup phenomenon, originally described by sociology and social psychology, has been closely tied to human stereotyping and meta-stereotyping tendencies. While "ingroup" is commonly defined as a social group to which an individual belongs, the "outgroup" is a social group with which the individual does not identify.
In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways.
In a published rejoinder in the British Journal of Social Psychology, Jost and colleagues refuted this idea as incorrectly equating outgroup favoritism with the accurate perception of an unjust reality. The main argument being that outgroup favoritism goes beyond simply acknowledging that a system is unjust or unfair, but rather demonstrates a ...
In social psychology, recategorization is a change in the conceptual representation of a group or groups. [1] [2] [3] When deliberate, recategorization is often encouraged in order to mitigate bias by making salient a common ingroup identity that encompasses the group identities of the preexisting categorization. [4]
favour the ingroup over the outgroup; exaggerate and overgeneralize the differences between the ingroup and the outgroup (to enhance group distinctiveness) minimize the perception of differences between ingroup members; remember more detailed and positive information about the ingroup, and more negative information about the outgroup [62]
Men preparing for a raid. Humans are a social species with a long history of living in tribal groups.The psychological mechanisms that evolved to handle the complexities of group living have also created heuristics for quickly categorizing others as ingroup or outgroup members, with different behavioral strategies for each: treat ingroup members (those in one’s own group) favorably, and ...
Humans are less likely to help outgroup members in need, as compared to ingroup members. [15] People are also less likely to value outgroup members' lives as highly as those of ingroup members. [16] These effects are indicative of an ingroup empathy bias, in which people empathize more with ingroup (vs. outgroup) members.