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Sodium cyanate is prepared industrially by the reaction of urea with sodium carbonate at elevated temperature. 2OC (NH 2) 2 + Na 2 CO 3 → 2Na (NCO) + CO 2 + 2NH 3 + H 2 O. Sodium allophanate is observed as an intermediate: [2] H2NC (O)NHCO2Na → NaOCN + NH3 + CO2. It can also be prepared in the laboratory by oxidation of a cyanide in aqueous ...
Sodium cyanate is isostructural with sodium fulminate, confirming the linear structure of the cyanate ion. [3] It is made industrially by heating a mixture of sodium carbonate and urea. [4] Na 2 CO 3 + 2 OC(NH 2) 2 → 2 NaNCO + CO 2 + 2 NH 3 + H 2 O. A similar reaction is used to make potassium cyanate. Cyanates are produced when cyanides are ...
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Sodium cyanide is a poisonous compound with the formula Na C N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
Cyanide is unstable in water, but the reaction is slow until about 170 °C. It undergoes hydrolysis to give ammonia and formate, which are far less toxic than cyanide: [14] CN − + 2 H 2 O → HCO − 2 + NH 3. Cyanide hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction.
The chemical reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner equation", follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 Na[Au(CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. Potassium cyanide and calcium cyanide are sometimes used in place of sodium cyanide. Gold is one of the few metals that dissolves in the presence of cyanide ions and oxygen.
One variation of the Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the treatment of carbonyl compound with carbon disulfide and ammonium cyanide in methanol solution to form 2,4-dithiohydantoins. [8] In addition, the reaction of ketones with ammonium monothiocarbamate and sodium cyanide will yield 5,5-disubstituted 4-thiohydantoins. [9]
Cyanogen halides are chemically classified as pseudohalogens. The cyanogen halides are a group of chemically reactive compounds which contain a cyano group (-CN) attached to a halogen element, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Cyanogen halides are colorless, volatile, lacrimatory (tear-producing) and highly poisonous compounds.