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Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, [1] seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. [2] It is absent in bullous pemphigoid , making it useful for differential diagnosis .
Grover's disease (GD) is a polymorphic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis characterized histologically by acantholysis [2]: 529 with or without dyskeratosis. [3] Once confirmed, most cases of Grover's disease last six to twelve months, which is why it was originally called "transient".
No acanthosis or parakeratosis. Typical findings: [2] Mild to moderate spongiosis and exocytosis of inflammatory cells; Irregular acanthosis and parakeratosis. Superficial dermal perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate; Swelling of endothelial cells; Papillary dermal edema are present; Typical findings: [2] The spongiosis is mild to absent
The tissue is skin from a patient with Pemphigus vulgaris. Note the intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis and the early intraepidermal vesicle caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus (/ ˈ p ɛ m f ɪ ɡ ə s / or / p ɛ m ˈ f aɪ ɡ ə s /) is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. [1]
Acanthosis nigricans is a black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmented acanthosis, usually observed in the back of neck, axilla, and other folded regions of the skin. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease) is an asymptomatic, benign neoplastic condition characterized by multiple white to pinkish papules that occur diffusely in the oral ...
Incisional biopsies can include the whole lesion (excisional), part of a lesion, or part of the affected skin plus part of the normal skin (to show the interface between normal and abnormal skin). Incisional biopsy often yield better diagnosis for deep pannicular skin diseases and more subcutaneous tissue can be obtained than a punch biopsy.
In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells. Parakeratosis is associated with the thinning or loss of the granular layer and is usually seen in diseases of increased cell turnover, whether inflammatory or neoplastic. Parakeratosis is seen in the plaques of psoriasis and in dandruff.
During the surgery, after each removal of tissue and while the patient waits, the tissue is examined for cancer cells. That examination dictates the decision for additional tissue removal. Mohs surgery is the gold standard method for obtaining complete margin control during removal of a skin cancer (complete circumferential peripheral and deep ...