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Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene [4] or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl .
The industrial synthesis of 4,4′-biphenol was developed by Allan Hay in the 1960s. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As the direct oxidative coupling of phenol gives a mixture of isomers, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] 4,4′-biphenol is instead prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol , where para-coupling is the only possibility. [ 3 ]
The bisphenols (/ ˈ b ɪ s f ɪ n ɒ l /) are a group of industrial chemical compounds related to diphenylmethane; commonly used in the creation of plastics and epoxy resins. [1] [2] [3] Most are based on two hydroxyphenyl functional groups linked by a methylene bridge.
Benzidine (trivial name), also called 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 4 NH 2) 2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the production of dyes. Benzidine has been linked to bladder and pancreatic cancer. [2]
Dihydroxybiphenyl (as known as biphenol) refers to a class of organic compounds consisting of a biphenyl structure with two hydroxyl groups attached. The most common isomers are 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl.
Bromobenzene is used to introduce a phenyl group into other compounds. One method involves its conversion to the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide. This reagent can be used, e.g. in the reaction with carbon dioxide to prepare benzoic acid. [4] Other methods involve palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki reaction.
4-Aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 C 6 H 4 NH 2. It is an amine derivative of biphenyl . It is a colorless solid, although aged samples can appear colored. 4-Aminobiphenyl was commonly used in the past as a rubber antioxidant and an intermediate for dyes. [ 5 ]
In enzymology, a biphenyl synthase (EC 2.3.1.177) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: . 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO 2. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA, whereas its three products are CoA, 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, and CO 2.