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The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water. [citation needed] If a substance is present as several chemical species in the octanol-water system due to association or dissociation, each species is assigned its own K ow value. A related ...
K ow, being a type of partition coefficient, serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water. [citation needed]
The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
In particular, all solubility parameter-based theories have a fundamental limitation that they apply only to associated solutions (i.e., they can only predict positive deviations from Raoult's law): they cannot account for negative deviations from Raoult's law that result from effects such as solvation (often important in water-soluble polymers ...
The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule: < 10 : Lipid-soluble (water-insoluble) > 10 : Water-soluble (lipid-insoluble) 1 to 3: anti-foaming agent [2] 3 to 6: W/O (water in oil) emulsifier; 7 to 9: wetting and spreading agent [2] 13 to 16: detergent [2] 8 to 16: O/W (oil in water) emulsifier
In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant K b relates molality b to boiling point elevation. [1] It is the ratio of the latter to the former: = i is the van 't Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved.