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Created before the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), [15] the Bund was a founding collective member at the RSDLP's first congress in Minsk in March 1898. [16] [17] Three out of nine delegates at the Minsk congress were from the Bund, and one of three members of the first RSDLP Central Committee was a Bundist. [18]
Bundism was a secular Jewish socialist movement whose first organizational manifestation was the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, and Russia (Yiddish: אַלגעמײנער ייִדישער אַרבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פוילין און רוסלאַנד, romanized: Algemeyner yidisher arbeter-bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland), founded in the Russian ...
The eighth head of the family was Colonel Thomas Henry Bund (1774-1852), of the Worcester Militia and formerly the 13th Light Dragoons, son of Thomas Bund, High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1784, by his wife Susanna, daughter of Benjamin Johnson, mayor of Worcester and High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1763; [9] his issue (by his wife Ann ...
Arkadi Kremer (Yiddish: אַרקאַדי קרעמער; Russian: Арка́дий Кре́мер; born Aron Iosifovich Kremer, also known as Aleksandr Kremer, Solomon Kremer, and most frequently referred to as Arkady, his nickname; 1865–1935) was a Russian socialist leader known as the 'Father of the Bund' (the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia).
Klain Bund was founded in 1903. [1] Klain Bund recruited secondary school pupils, students, apprentices and young workers. The average age of Klain Bund-members was around fourteen. Sometimes members joined at ages of 10–12. Often Klain Bund members were children of Bund members. Klain Bund provided socialist education for its members.
As in the HJ, separate sections of the BDM existed, according to the age of participants. Girls between the ages of 10 and 14 were members of the Young Girl's League (Jungmädelbund, JM), and girls between the ages of 14 and 18 were members of the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) proper. [9]
The Bund's influence significantly decreased without Kuhn. A year after the outbreak of World War II, Congress enacted a peacetime military draft in September 1940. The Bund counseled members of draft age to evade conscription, a criminal offense punishable by up to five years in jail and a $10,000 fine. Gerhard Kunze fled to Mexico in November ...
In spite of his interest in Jewish affairs, Medem did not re-convert to Judaism. However, when arrested in 1901 for activities as a Bund member, he identified himself to the police as a Jew. [2] Medem only learned Yiddish at the age of 22; the language was taboo in his family environment.