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CA Intermediate is the second level exam, of a course in India, Chartered Accountancy. It has six subjects and over 7000 pages of study material that a student is expected to cover in the nine months study period allotted to them.
The CA Final is the final level exam in the chartered accountancy course offered by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). [1] CA Final exam is divided into two groups and consists of 6 set of papers with 100 mark each. Before the CA Final exam, students must clear Foundation and Intermediate exams. The exam paper will be ...
Activity-based costing was later explained in 1999 by Peter F. Drucker in the book Management Challenges of the 21st Century. [11] He states that traditional cost accounting focuses on what it costs to do something , for example, to cut a screw thread; activity-based costing also records the cost of not doing , such as the cost of waiting for a ...
Standard Costing is a technique of Cost Accounting to compare the actual costs with standard costs (that are pre-defined) with the help of Variance Analysis. It is used to understand the variations of product costs in manufacturing. [6] Standard costing allocates fixed costs incurred in an accounting period to the goods produced during that period.
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
FIFO and LIFO accounting are methods used in managing inventory and financial matters involving the amount of money a company has to have tied up within inventory of produced goods, raw materials, parts, components, or feedstocks.
Process costing is a type of operation costing which is used to ascertain the cost of a product at each process or stage of manufacture. CIMA defines process costing as "The costing method applicable where goods or services result from a sequence of continuous or repetitive operations or processes. Costs are averaged over the units produced ...
Intermediate consumption (unlike fixed assets) is not normally classified in national accounts by type of good or service, because the accounts will show net output by sector of activity. However, sometimes more detail is available in sectoral accounts of income & outlay (e.g. manufacturing), and from input-output tables showing the value of ...