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  2. Function approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_approximation

    Several progressively more accurate approximations of the step function. An asymmetrical Gaussian function fit to a noisy curve using regression.. In general, a function approximation problem asks us to select a function among a well-defined class [citation needed] [clarification needed] that closely matches ("approximates") a target function [citation needed] in a task-specific way.

  3. Universal approximation theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_approximation...

    Also, certain non-continuous activation functions can be used to approximate a sigmoid function, which then allows the above theorem to apply to those functions. For example, the step function works. In particular, this shows that a perceptron network with a single infinitely wide hidden layer can approximate arbitrary functions.

  4. Linear algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_algebra

    Functional analysis applies the methods of linear algebra alongside those of mathematical analysis to study various function spaces; the central objects of study in functional analysis are L p spaces, which are Banach spaces, and especially the L 2 space of square-integrable functions, which is the only Hilbert space among them. Functional ...

  5. Functional analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_analysis

    Geometry of Banach spaces contains many topics. One is combinatorial approach connected with Jean Bourgain; another is a characterization of Banach spaces in which various forms of the law of large numbers hold. Noncommutative geometry. Developed by Alain Connes, partly building on earlier notions, such as George Mackey's approach to ergodic ...

  6. Geometric function theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_function_theory

    Analytic continuation of natural logarithm (imaginary part) Analytic continuation is a technique to extend the domain of a given analytic function.Analytic continuation often succeeds in defining further values of a function, for example in a new region where an infinite series representation in terms of which it is initially defined becomes divergent.

  7. Function field of an algebraic variety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_field_of_an...

    In algebraic geometry, the function field of an algebraic variety V consists of objects that are interpreted as rational functions on V.In classical algebraic geometry they are ratios of polynomials; in complex geometry these are meromorphic functions and their higher-dimensional analogues; in modern algebraic geometry they are elements of some quotient ring's field of fractions.

  8. Ordered pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_pair

    Hence this definition has the advantage of enabling a function, defined as a set of ordered pairs, to have a type only 1 higher than the type of its arguments. This definition works only if the set of natural numbers is infinite. This is the case in NF, but not in type theory or in NFU. J.

  9. Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_definitions_of...

    In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition. In the latter case, the meaning of equivalence (between two definitions of a structure) is more complicated, since a structure is more abstract than an object.