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Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. [1] This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as complications worsen. [1]
Untreated hypovolemia or excessive and rapid losses of volume may lead to hypovolemic shock. [7] Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock include increased heart rate, low blood pressure, pale or cold skin, and altered mental status. When these signs are seen, immediate action should be taken to restore the lost volume.
The annual incidence of shock of any etiology is 0.3 to 0.7 per 1000, with hemorrhagic shock being most common in the intensive care unit. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in children, most commonly due to diarrheal illness in the developing world. [4]
Internal bleeding (also called internal haemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body, and is not usually visible from the outside. [1] It can be a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities).
Vasodilatory shock, vasogenic shock, or vasoplegic shock is a medical emergency belonging to shock along with cardiogenic shock, septic shock, allergen-induced shock and hypovolemic shock. When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation .
Obstructive shock is one of the four types of shock, caused by a physical obstruction in the flow of blood. [1] Obstruction can occur at the level of the great vessels or the heart itself. [ 2 ] Causes include pulmonary embolism , cardiac tamponade , and tension pneumothorax . [ 3 ]
A viral hemorrhagic fever is a possible cause of the Plague of Athens during the Peloponnesian War. [13] A viral hemorrhagic fever is an alternate theory of the cause of the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian [14] The initial, and currently only, outbreak of Lujo virus in September–October 2008 left four of five patients dead. [15]
Exsanguination, hypovolemic shock, coma, shock Bleeding , hemorrhage , haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels . [ 1 ] Bleeding can occur internally , or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth , nose , ear , urethra , vagina or anus , or through a puncture in the ...