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Circle chart of values in the theory of basic human values [1] The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universal values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human ...
Terminal values are beliefs or conceptions about ultimate goals of existence that are worth surviving for, such as happiness, self-respect, and freedom. [8] The value survey asks subjects to rank the values in order of importance to them. [7] The actual directions are as follows: “Rank each value in its order of importance to you.
Their Daedalus article became the first statement of moral foundations theory, [1] which Haidt, Graham, Joseph, and others have since elaborated and refined, for example by splitting the originally proposed ethic of hierarchy into the separate moral foundations of ingroup and authority, and by proposing a tentative sixth foundation of liberty. [2]
The second dimension named survival values versus self-expression values represents the transition from industrial society to post-industrial society. [29] Cultures can be distinguished as tight and loose in relation to how much they adhere to social norms and tolerates deviance.
Value theory is the study of values.Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values.It is a branch of philosophy and an interdisciplinary field closely associated with social sciences like economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.
The term attitude with the psychological meaning of an internal state of preparedness for action was not used until the 19th century. [3]: 2 The American Psychological Association (APA) defines attitude as "a relatively enduring and general evaluation of an object, person, group, issue, or concept on a dimension ranging from negative to positive.
For example, a person who is stubborn and inflexible in their personal relationships might graph her personality somewhere on the arc between dominance and love. However, a person who exhibits passive–aggressive tendencies might find herself best described on the arc between submission and hate.
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