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  2. Topological algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_algebra

    A topological algebra over a topological field is a topological vector space together with a bilinear multiplication :, (,) that turns into an algebra ...

  3. Topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology

    A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...

  4. Algebraic topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_topology

    Classic applications of algebraic topology include: The Brouwer fixed point theorem : every continuous map from the unit n -disk to itself has a fixed point. The free rank of the n th homology group of a simplicial complex is the n th Betti number , which allows one to calculate the Euler–Poincaré characteristic .

  5. Completion of a ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_of_a_ring

    The completion is a functorial operation: a continuous map f: R → S of topological rings gives rise to a map of their completions, ^: ^ ^. Moreover, if M and N are two modules over the same topological ring R and f : M → N is a continuous module map then f uniquely extends to the map of the completions:

  6. Topology and Its Applications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology_and_its_Applications

    It was established in 1971 as General Topology and Its Applications, and renamed to its current title in 1980. The journal currently publishes 18 issues each year in one volume. It is indexed by Scopus, Mathematical Reviews, and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2004–2008 MCQ was 0.38 and its 2020 impact factor was 0.617. [1]

  7. Topological module - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_module

    A topological vector space is a topological module over a topological field. An abelian topological group can be considered as a topological module over Z , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} ,} where Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } is the ring of integers with the discrete topology .

  8. Homotopy group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy_group

    For example, if two topological objects have different homotopy groups, they cannot have the same topological structure—a fact that may be difficult to prove using only topological means. For example, the torus is different from the sphere: the torus has a "hole"; the sphere doesn't. However, since continuity (the basic notion of topology ...

  9. Gilbert Strang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Strang

    Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Fourth Edition (2005) [23] Linear Algebra, Geodesy, and GPS, with Kai Borre (1997) Wavelets and Filter Banks, with Truong Nguyen (1996) Strang, Gilbert (1986). Introduction to Applied Mathematics. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley-Cambridge Press. pp. xii+758. MR 0870634.

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