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Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. [2] [3] Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). [4]
The Cyprinidae are members of the carp family (the Cyprinidae) of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to order Cypriniformes.
Cypriniformes / s ɪ ˈ p r ɪ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid (carps and their kin) fish, such as barbs, gobies, loaches, botias, and minnows (among others).
The mouth is reddish at the corners where there are small barbels. When breeding the mature males develop a red stripe along the sides [3] on the belly, mouth, gill cover and pectoral fin base. The dorsal fin and the anal fin each have 8 soft rays and the lateral line has 66–84 scales. They can grow to 36 centimetres (14 in) in total length. [2]
The crucian carp is a medium-sized cyprinid, typically 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in body length, and rarely exceeds in weight over 2 kilograms (4.4 lb), [5] but a maximum total length of 64 centimetres (25 in) has been reported for a male, [6] and the heaviest published weighed 3 kilograms (6.6 lb). [7]
One of the largest cyprinids in the world, the black carp has a typical length of 60–120 cm (23.5–47 in), though it can reach up to 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) in length and 109 kg (240 lb) in weight. [4] It is carnivorous and generally feeds on invertebrates such as snails , clams and mussels .
Though it has been known to reach lengths of 30 cm (12 in), in the wild the golden shiner is usually between 7.5 and 12.5 cm (3.0 and 4.9 in) long. The body is laterally compressed (deep-bodied). The back is dark green or olive, and the belly is a silvery white. The sides are silver in smaller individuals, but golden in larger ones.
The red shiner or red-horse minnow (Cyprinella lutrensis) is a North American species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are deep-bodied and laterally compressed, [2] and can grow to about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in length. For most of the year, both males and females have silver sides and whitish abdomens.