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Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a ...
The act of applying a thin film to a surface is thin-film deposition – any technique for depositing a thin film of material onto a substrate or onto previously deposited layers. "Thin" is a relative term, but most deposition techniques control layer thickness within a few tens of nanometres .
Whereas comparable conventional nano-structured (Ti,Al)N coatings have a hardness of 25 GPa and a Young's modulus of 460 GPa, the hardness of the new HIPIMS coating is higher than 30 GPa with a Young's modulus of 368 GPa. The ratio between hardness and Young's modulus is a measure of the toughness properties of the coating.
Surface finishing is often one of the final steps taken when working metal and is essential for guaranteeing that metal components meet the requirements of the necessary finish. Surface finishing processes can be categorized by how they affect the workpiece: Removing or reshaping finishing; Adding or altering finishing; Coating Methods
Dip coating is an industrial coating process which is used, for example, to manufacture bulk products such as coated fabrics and condoms and specialised coatings for example in the biomedical field. Dip coating is also commonly used in academic research, where many chemical and nano material engineering research projects use the dip coating ...
Sputter coating in scanning electron microscopy is a sputter deposition process [clarification needed] to cover a specimen with a thin layer of conducting material, typically a metal, such as a gold/palladium (Au/Pd) alloy. A conductive coating is needed to prevent charging of a specimen with an electron beam in conventional SEM mode (high ...
Pioneering theoretical analysis of spin coating was undertaken by Emslie et al., [3] and has been extended by many subsequent authors (including Wilson et al., [4] who studied the rate of spreading in spin coating; and Danglad-Flores et al., [5] who found a universal description to predict the deposited film thickness). Spin coating is widely ...
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