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2C-B (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine), also known as Nexus, is a synthetic psychedelic drug of the 2C family, mainly used as a recreational drug. [2] [1] [4] It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974 for use in psychotherapy.
For example, Δ 9-THC has an EC 50 of 250 nM at CB 1 and 1157 nM at CB 2, whereas PB-22 has an EC 50 of 5.1 nM at CB 1 and 37 nM at CB 2. [8] Adverse effects observed due to synthetic cannabinoid use include acute kidney injury , cardiac toxicity , seizure , stroke , tremor , hypokalemia , and rhabdomyolysis .
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. [5] [6] It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in ...
While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB 2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum. [20] CB 2 receptors appear to be responsible for immunomodulatory [ 19 ] and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabinoid as seen in vitro and in animal models.
There are two known subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB 1 and CB 2. [6] [7] The CB 1 receptor is expressed mainly in the brain (central nervous system or "CNS"), but also in the lungs, liver and kidneys. The CB 2 receptor is expressed mainly in the immune system, in hematopoietic cells, [8] and in parts of the brain. [9] The protein ...
This activity at CB 1 and CB 2 receptors constitutes interaction of CBN with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Although CBN shares the same mechanism of action as other phytocannabinoids (e.g., Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol , Δ 9 -THC), it has a lower affinity for CB 1 receptors, meaning that much higher doses of CBN are required in order to ...
[4] [9] Two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB 1 and CB 2, responsible for the effects of THC were discovered and cloned in the early 1990s. [ 1 ] [ 10 ] Once cannabinoid receptors had been discovered, it became important to establish whether their agonists occur naturally in the body.
Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is a hydrogenated derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is a naturally occurring phytocannabinoid that has rarely been identified as a trace component in Cannabis sativa, [1] [2] but can also be produced synthetically by firstly acid cyclization of cannabidiol and then hydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabinol.