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Hallucinogens are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes.
Since 2001, six EU countries have tightened their legislation on psilocybin mushrooms in response to concerns about their prevalence and increasing usage. [51] In the 1990s, hallucinogens and their effects on human consciousness were again the subject of scientific study, particularly in Europe.
This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently under formal development for clinical use but are not yet approved. [ 1 ] Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.
Ayahuasca [note 1] is a South American psychoactive beverage, traditionally used by Indigenous cultures and folk healers in the Amazon and Orinoco basins for spiritual ceremonies, divination, and healing a variety of psychosomatic complaints.
Boletus edulis, one of the species that has been implicated as a possible hallucinogenic bolete mushroom. [1] [2]Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms, also known as psychoactive bolete mushrooms or as "xiao ren ren" mushrooms, are bolete mushrooms that produce hallucinogenic effects and are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom.
In 2007, a paper by Redhead et al. proposed conserving the genus Psilocybe with Psilocybe semilanceata as its type species. [5] The suggestion was accepted by unanimous vote of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi of the International Botanical Congress in 2010, meaning that P. semilanceata (a member of the bluing clade) now serves as the type species of the genus. [6]
Spores, which do not contain psychoactive chemicals, are explicitly illegal in Georgia, Idaho, and California (unlisted states unverified). [113] [114] [115] In the rest of the country, it is not illegal to just sell the spores, but selling them with the purpose of producing hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal.
Highly selective serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor agonists have recently been developed and show stimulus generalization to psychedelics, whereas selective serotonin 5-HT 2C receptor agonists do not do so. [82] The head-twitch response (HTR) is induced by serotonergic psychedelics and is a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects in animals.