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A hemostat (also called a hemostatic clamp; arterial forceps; and pean, after Jules-Émile Péan) is a tool used to control bleeding during surgery. [1] Similar in design to both pliers and scissors , it is used to clamp exposed blood vessels shut.
Prior to the development of VCD's, the main method for closing the femoral artery was manual compression. Manual compression involves up to 30 minutes of manual pressure or mechanical clamps applied directly to the patient's groin, which is very painful, followed by up to 8 hours of bed rest in the hospital recovery room.
The Pringle manoeuvre is used during liver surgery and in some cases of severe liver trauma to minimize blood loss. [1] For short durations of use, it is very effective at reducing intraoperative blood loss. [2] The Pringle manoeuvre is applied during closure of a vena cava injury when an atriocaval shunt is placed. [citation needed]
There are many different surgical specialties, some of which require specific kinds of surgical instruments to perform.. General surgery is a specialty focused on the abdomen; the thyroid gland; diseases involving skin, breasts, and various soft tissues; trauma; peripheral vascular disease; hernias; and endoscopic procedures.
Clamps (locking forceps) Clamps stabilize or hold tissue and objects in place. [21] They can be used for traumatic or atraumatic purposes. [21] (e.g., Crile hemostat, Kelly clamp, Kocher clamp) Surgical scissors. Tool for tissue cutting, dissection, and suture. [21] Straight and curved scissors are used for cutting different structures.
Hemostasis occurs when blood is present outside of the body or blood vessels. It is the innate response for the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. During hemostasis three steps occur in a rapid sequence. Vascular spasm is the first response as the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost.
Procedure [ edit ] With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a hemostat , then secure it by ligating it; i.e. using a piece of suture around it before dividing the structure and releasing the hemostat.
The Potts-Smith aortic exclusion clamp closed off only a portion of the aorta so that the Potts shunt could be completed while maintaining blood flow to the spinal cord. He also developed the Potts vascular clamp, which allowed vessels to be clamped without being crushed; this moved vascular surgery forward significantly.
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