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Hittite scribes identified these deities with the Anunnaki. [56] [57] In ancient Hurrian, the Anunnaki are referred to as karuileš šiuneš, which means "former ancient gods", [59] or kattereš šiuneš, which means "gods of the earth". [59] Hittite and Hurrian treaties were often sworn by the old gods in order to ensure that the oaths would ...
The names of over 3,000 Mesopotamian deities have been recovered from cuneiform texts. [19] [16] Many of these are from lengthy lists of deities compiled by ancient Mesopotamian scribes. [19] [20] The longest of these lists is a text entitled An = Anum, a Babylonian scholarly work listing the names of over 2,000 deities.
Enki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒂗𒆠 D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: 𒀭𒂍𒀀) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
The initial four tablets list the deities in order of seniority, alongside their courts, but the rest of the list does not appear to follow similar principles. [31] It is possible that it was a result of adding groups of deities from originally distinct texts to An = Anum without rearranging them. [ 31 ]
The order of deities in international treaties also supports the notion that Alalu and Kumarbi belong to the same line, but Anu does not. [121] Hittitologist Gary Beckman notes that the two lines were seemingly only united with the birth of the new generation of gods ( Teshub , Tashmishu and others), a result of Kumarbi's castration of Anu ...
The major deities in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the god of the heavens, Enlil, the god of wind and storm, AnKi Enki, the god of water and human culture, Ninhursag, the goddess of fertility and the earth, Utu, the god of the sun and justice, and his father Nanna, the god of the moon.
The Babylonian Genesis (PDF) (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-32399-4. Jordan, Michael. (2014). Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438109855. Leeming, David Adams. (2005). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515669-0. Leick ...
The most important deities in the Sumerian pantheon were known as the Anunnaki, [110] and included deities known as the "seven gods who decree": An, Enlil, Enki, Ninhursag, Nanna, Utu and Inanna. [110] After the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad, many Sumerian deities were syncretized with East Semitic ones. [109]