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There are three sets of Indium halides, the trihalides, the monohalides, and several intermediate halides. In the monohalides the oxidation state of indium is +1 and their proper names are indium(I) fluoride, indium(I) chloride, indium(I) bromide and indium(I) iodide. The intermediate halides contain indium with oxidation states, +1, +2 and +3.
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Indium(III) iodide is a pale yellow, very hygroscopic monoclinic solid (space group P2 1 /c (space group no. 14), a = 9.837 Å, b = 6.102 Å, c = 12.195 Å, β = 107.69°), [3] which melts at 210 °C to form a dark brown liquid and is highly soluble in water.
Indium(I) iodide forms a brown-red diamagnetic solid. Its melt is black. Its melt is black. The compound has an orthorhombic crystal structure in the space group Cmcm (space group no. 63) with the lattice parameters a = 475 pm, b = 1276 pm, c = 491 pm. [ 5 ]
Indium(II) chloride was first reported to be produced in 1888 by Lars Fredrik Nilson who claimed to have produced indium(II) chloride from the reaction of indium metal and hydrogen chloride gas at 200 °C. [1] However, this has been called into doubt as characterization by X-ray diffraction and NMR failed.
There are a lot of compounds, the reason for this being that indium can be present as In 3+, oxidation state +3; In +, oxidation state +1; In 4+ 2 units, oxidation state of +2, also found in some indium halides, e.g.
The hydrate first decomposes to a basic salt and then to indium(III) oxide at 240 °C. Anhydrous indium(III) nitrate is claimed to be produced by the reaction of anhydrous indium(III) chloride and dinitrogen pentoxide. [2] [4] In the presence of excess nitrate ions, indium(III) nitrate converts to the [In(NO 3) 4] − ion. [1] [2]