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Three sectors according to Fourastié Clark's sector model This figure illustrates the percentages of a country's economy made up by different sector. The figure illustrates that countries with higher levels of socio-economic development tend to have less of their economy made up of primary and secondary sectors and more emphasis in tertiary sectors.
One classical breakdown of economic activity distinguishes three sectors: [1] Primary: involves the retrieval and production of raw-material commodities, such as corn, coal, wood or iron. Miners, farmers and fishermen are all workers in the primary sector.
10 digits 13/33/62/154/898 [7] 2004, 2008, 2012, 2020 [8] UKSIC United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities: Government of the United Kingdom 1948–present (2007) UNSPSC United Nations Standard Products and Services Code: United Nations: Product 8 digits (optional 9th) (four levels) 1998–present
Rather than being fringe activities at the margins of the formal economy, this amounts to a significant level of activity: The "civil society" sector of the United Kingdom employs the equivalent of 1.4 million full-time employees (5% of the economically active population) and benefits from the unpaid efforts of the equivalent of 1.7 million ...
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".
Combined, the two fields make up about 10–15% of the non-agricultural workforce in developing countries and over 5% of the workforce in developed countries. [4] While participation in the informal sector can be stigmatized, many workers engage in informal ventures by choice, for either economic or non-economic reasons.
Activities may have non-priced costs and benefits which never feature on the balance sheet, at most in propaganda and advertising. The Marxian view is also dismissed by ecologists, because it argues only human labour-time is the substance and source of economic value in capitalist society [ disputed – discuss ] . [ 4 ]
Economy from then on meant national economy as a topic for the economic activities of the citizens of a state. Industrial Revolution The first economist in the true modern meaning of the word was the Scotsman Adam Smith (1723–1790) who was inspired partly by the ideas of physiocracy , a reaction to mercantilism and also later Economics ...