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The history of Turkmenistan from the 16th until the 19th century is mostly known by the relations with the states of Iran, Khiva, Bukhara, and Afghanistan. [4] Wars of the period took place mostly in the lands of Turkmenistan.
The name of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan) can be divided into two components: the ethnonym Türkmen and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "place of" or "country".The name "Turkmen" comes from Turk, plus the Sogdian suffix -men, meaning "almost Turk", in reference to their status outside the Turkic dynastic mythological system.
On March 17, 1899, the official opening of the Trans-Caspian Regional Museum took place in Ashgabat. On November 12, 1998, the opening of the National Museum of Turkmenistan took place. [250] Its primary goal is to chronicle Turkmenistan's history in various forms from the earliest periods using historical and archaeological collections.
98% of Turkmenistan was Muslim, but atheism was the state religion. In the early 1920s, the Soviet government effectively banned Islam in Soviet Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, every mosque was destroyed, books written in Arabic script were burned, in the 1930s Turkmenistan had eventually adapted the Cyrillic alphabet. [citation needed]
Detail of a Salor Turkmen ceremonial carpet, dating from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s (from History of Turkmenistan) Image 3 Oghuz Yabgu State, 750–1055 (from History of Turkmenistan ) Image 4 Turkmen woman's jewelry, silver, gold and cornelian, 20th century.
The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng, and Saryk. [1] [2] The most numerous are the Teke.[3]The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role as its people are considered the ancestors of modern Turkmen tribes such as Teke, Yomut and Ersari.
Outside the capital, the national language of Turkmen is the most widely encountered. In Ashgabat and Türkmenbaşy, the Russian language is commonly encountered; however, with recent efforts to revive the ancient culture of Turkmenistan, Turkmen is quickly regaining its place as the chief language of the state.
History of Turkmenistan by period (8 C) A. Archaeology of Turkmenistan (2 C, 1 P) History of Ashgabat (2 C, 1 P) E. Historical events in Turkmenistan (6 C) F.