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The frequency F s and the frequencies above and below it where the impedance is 1 / √ 2 Z max are important in determining the loudspeaker's T/S parameters. These can be used, for example, to design a suitable enclosure for the driver, especially for low frequency drivers. In fact F s is itself one of the Thiele/Small parameters.
The measuring microphone is normally mounted on an unobtrusive boom (to avoid reflections) and positioned 1 metre in front of the drive units on the axis with the high-frequency driver. While this can produce repeatable results, such a 'free-space' measurement is not representative of performance in a room, especially a small room.
Magnitude response of a low pass filter with 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade roll-off. Measuring the frequency response typically involves exciting the system with an input signal and measuring the resulting output signal, calculating the frequency spectra of the two signals (for example, using the fast Fourier transform for discrete signals), and comparing the spectra to isolate the ...
For example, a typical electrodynamic speaker driver can have a moving mass of tens or hundreds of grams, whereas an electrostatic membrane only has a mass of a few milligrams, several times less than the very lightest of electrodynamic tweeters. The concomitant air load, often insignificant in dynamic speakers, is usually tens of grams because ...
A speaker that can handle 200 watts thermally at 200 Hz, may sometimes be damaged by only a few watts at some very low frequency, like 10 Hz. Power handling specifications are usually generated destructively, by long-term industry standard noise signals (IEC 268, for example) that filter out low frequencies and test only the thermal capability ...
The frequency range often specified for audio components is between 20 Hz to 20 kHz, which broadly reflects the human hearing range. Well-designed solid-state amplifiers and CD players may have a frequency response that varies by only 0.2 dB between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. [4]
The oldest method of system calibration involves a set of healthy ears, test program material (i.e. music or speech), a graphic equalizer, and a familiarity with the desired frequency response. One must then listen to the program material through the system, take note of any noticeable frequency deviation or resonances, and correct them using ...
In combination with the damping properties of the system (both mechanical and electrical) all these factors affect the low-frequency response of sealed-box systems. The response of closed-box loudspeaker systems has been extensively studied by Small [10] [11] and Benson, [12] amongst many others.