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The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
In decompression theory, the solubility of gases in liquids is of primary importance, as it is the formation of bubbles from these gases that causes decompression sickness. [4] [5] [6] Solubility of gases in liquids is influenced by three main factors: The nature of the solvent liquid and the solute [7]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
These inorganic salt deposits can block pores causing flux decline, membrane degradation and loss of production. The formation of scale is highly dependent on factors affecting both solubility and concentration polarization including pH, temperature, flow velocity and permeation rate. [14]
Hansen solubility parameters were developed by Charles M. Hansen in his Ph.D thesis in 1967 [1] [2] as a way of predicting if one material will dissolve in another and form a solution. [3] They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being 'like' another if it bonds to itself in a similar way.
The real answer obviously depends on the exact nature of a given solvent and solute, because the exact energetics of the solid and solvated forms. That graph in the Solubility#Factors affecting solubility section is kinda neat! DMacks 06:34, 27 June 2010 (UTC)
The extent of lipid solubility is determined by the unfavorable entropy contribution due to the ordering of the water structure according to the hydrophobic effect. Micelles composed of ionic surfactants have an electrostatic attraction to the ions that surround them in solution, the latter known as counterions. Although the closest counterions ...
Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and, as it was discovered later, on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structures. Anions appear to have a larger effect than cations, [6] and are usually ordered as follows: [5] [7] [8]