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Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [ 2 ]
Passive–aggressive [personality disorder] was listed as an Axis II personality disorder in the DSM-III-R, but was moved in the DSM-IV to Appendix B ("Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study") because of controversy and the need for further research on how to also categorize the behaviors in a future edition. According to DSM-IV ...
A form of passive-aggressive behavior, [3] it is often associated with poor management-labor relationships, micromanagement, a generalized lack of confidence in leadership, and resistance to changes perceived as pointless, duplicative, dangerous, or otherwise undesirable. It is common in organizations with top-down management structures lacking ...
"Passive-aggressive behavior refers to a pattern of indirectly expressing negative feelings while avoiding openly addressing them," explains Dr. Joel Frank, Psy.
If you're dealing with someone who is passive aggressive (or that person is you), here are the signs, examples, and how to communicate better, per experts.
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This maladaptive problem-solving style keeps passive-aggressive communicators in a state of powerlessness, resulting in continued passive-aggression. [2] Examples of Passive-Aggressive Language/Behavior include wistful statements, backhanded compliments, purposefully ignoring or saying nothing, leaving someone out, sabotaging someone, and ...
Aggression is a behavior aimed at opposing or attacking ... The operative definition of aggression may be affected by moral ... Passive aggressive behavior; Rage ...