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A food addiction or eating addiction is any behavioral addiction characterized primarily by the compulsive consumption of palatable and hyperpalatable food items. Such foods often have high sugar , fat, and salt contents ( HFSS ), and markedly activate the reward system in humans and other animals.
A heterotroph (/ ˈ h ɛ t ər ə ˌ t r oʊ f,-ˌ t r ɒ f /; [1] [2] from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros) 'other' and τροφή (trophḗ) 'nutrition') is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. In the food chain, heterotrophs are ...
Another key contributor to the establishment of dependency need theory was Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development. Freud's theory of psychosexual development Sigmund Freud came up with a five-stage theory that stated human beings are born with sexual energy; this energy was thought to develop in five stages (oral, anal, phallic ...
An addictive behavior is a behavior, or a stimulus related to a behavior (e.g., sex or food), that is both rewarding and reinforcing, and is associated with the development of an addiction. There are two main forms of addiction: substance use disorders (including alcohol, tobacco, drugs and cannabis) and behavioral addiction (including sex ...
Other drug abuse or dependence has a lifetime prevalence of 4.0% and a 12-month prevalence of 0.7%. [196] Substance use disorder is a term used interchangeably with a drug addiction . [ 197 ]
Nowadays, the U.S. Institute of Medicine and Dietary Reference Intakes, among other health institutions, recommends that men drink about 15.5 cups or 3.7 liters of fluid per day, while women ...
Caffeine dependence is a condition characterized by a set of criteria, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to control use, and continued use despite knowledge of adverse consequences attributed to caffeine. [1] It can appear in physical dependence or psychological dependence, or both.
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...