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Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and have led to oil spills. [1]
Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source (also known as a "fossil fuel"), so the efficacy of extraction and refining is important for its continued use; multiple techniques are used to detect and to extract crude oil, based on the source rock it is found in and the type of oil itself.
Oil extraction is simply the removal of oil from the reservoir (oil pool). There are many methods on extracting the oil from the reservoirs for example; mechanical shaking, [143] water-in-oil emulsion, and specialty chemicals called demulsifiers that separate the oil from water. Oil extraction is costly and often environmentally damaging.
Schematic unconventional reservoir classification expressed as fluid energy vs flow potential based on initials without stimulation. Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoirs, or unconventional resources (resource plays) are accumulations where oil and gas phases are tightly bound to the rock fabric by strong capillary forces, requiring specialized measures for evaluation and extraction.
The volumes in this table does not include biofuel, refinery gain (the increase in liquid volumes during oil refining), or liquids separated from natural gas in gas processing plants (natural gas liquids). [1] Production data including these other liquids is usually referred to as "Total Liquids Production", "Petroleum & Other Liquids", etc. [2]
Production tubing protects wellbore casing from wear, tear, corrosion, and deposition of by-products, such as sand / silt, paraffins, and asphaltenes. Along with other components that constitute the production string, it provides a continuous bore from the production zone to the wellhead through which oil and gas can be produced. It is usually ...
In order to determine the likelihood of oil/gas generation, therefore, the thermal history of the source rock must be calculated. This is performed with a combination of geochemical analysis of the source rock (to determine the type of kerogens present and their maturation characteristics) and basin modelling methods, such as back-stripping ...
Water injection wells may be located on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Normally only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases the recovery (known as the recovery factor) and maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a longer period.