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The volatile dioxiranes DMD and TFD can be isolated via distillation. Once isolated, dioxiranes can be kept in solutions of the corresponding ketones and dried with molecular sieves. These solutions are suitable when substrates or products are sensitive to hydrolysis. [17] Catalytic dioxirane oxidations do, however, require water.
The traditional Balz–Schiemann reaction employs HBF 4 and involves isolation of the diazonium salt. Both aspects can be profitably modified. Other counterions have been used in place of tetrafluoroborates, such as hexafluorophosphates (PF 6 −) and hexafluoroantimonates (SbF 6 −) with improved yields for some substrates.
The second chapter considers the intersection of race, class, and place.In particular, Bullard alludes to four cases (Chemical Waste Management, SCA Services, Industrial Chemical Company, and Warren County PCB Landfill) to depict how the siting of toxic waste facilities and landfills often burdens communities with high percentages of poor, elderly, young, and minority (mainly black) residents.
In linear algebra, the Hermite normal form is an analogue of reduced echelon form for matrices over the integers Z.Just as reduced echelon form can be used to solve problems about the solution to the linear system Ax=b where x is in R n, the Hermite normal form can solve problems about the solution to the linear system Ax=b where this time x is restricted to have integer coordinates only.
[6] [7] Due to the two step nature, the Raschig–Hooker process can be used to produce either chlorobenzene or phenol. Reaction scheme of the Raschig-Hooker process. The Raschig–Hooker process's ability to make phenol makes it comparable to other methods, such as the Dow and Bayer process, which also converts benzene into phenol. In fact ...
This graph becomes disconnected when the right-most node in the gray area on the left is removed This graph becomes disconnected when the dashed edge is removed.. In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more ...
Coacervate droplets dispersed in a dilute phase. Coacervate (/ k oʊ ə ˈ s ɜːr v ə t / or / k oʊ ˈ æ s ər v eɪ t /) is an aqueous phase rich in macromolecules such as synthetic polymers, proteins or nucleic acids.
The Pioneer Anomaly.This discusses the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 space probes, which appear to be veering off course and drifting towards the sun. At the time of writing of the book there was a growing speculation as to whether this phenomenon could be explained by a yet-undetermined fault in the rockets' systems or whether this was an unidentified effect of gravity.