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The function of some dermal bone is conserved throughout vertebrates, although there is variation in shape and in the number of bones in the skull roof and postcranial structures. In bony fish, dermal bone is found in the fin rays and scales. A special example of dermal bone is the clavicle. Some of the dermal bone functions regard ...
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The dermatocranium is the portion of the cranium that is composed of dermal bone, as opposed to the endocranium and splanchnocranium, which are composed of endochondral bone. The dermatocranium comprises the skull roof, the facial skeleton (usually excluding the dentary), and—in fishes—the opercular bones. [1]
A more or less full shield of fused dermal bones was common in early bony fishes of the Devonian, and particularly well developed in shallow water species. [3] Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks, have a skeleton which is entirely formed from cartilage. They lack a continuous dermal armour and thus have no proper skull roof.
Osteoderms are dermal bone structures that support the upper layer of skin and serve as protection against the elements in a large variety of extinct and extant organisms, especially reptiles. [1] This structure is commonly called "dermal armor" and serves to protect the organism, while also helping with temperature regulation.
Euteleostomes originally all had an endochondral bone, fins with lepidotrichs (fin rays), jaws lined by maxillary, premaxillary, and dentary bones composed of dermal bone, and lungs. Many of these characters have since been lost by descendant groups, however, such as lepidotrichs lost in tetrapods, and bone lost among the chondrostean fishes ...
The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms . Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals , and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles.
The parasphenoid is a bone which can be found in the cranium of many vertebrates.It is an unpaired dermal bone which lies at the midline of the roof of the mouth. In many reptiles (including birds), it fuses to the endochondral (cartilage-derived) basisphenoid bone of the lower braincase, forming a bone known as the parabasisphenoid.