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Total dead space (also known as physiological dead space) is the sum of the anatomical dead space and the alveolar dead space. Benefits do accrue to a seemingly wasteful design for ventilation that includes dead space. [1] Carbon dioxide is retained, making a bicarbonate-buffered blood and interstitium possible.
The Bohr equation, named after Danish physician Christian Bohr (1855–1911), describes the amount of physiological dead space in a person's lungs. This is given as a ratio of dead space to tidal volume. It differs from anatomical dead space as measured by Fowler's method as it includes alveolar dead space.
In medicine, the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume (V D /V T) is a routine measurement, expressing the ratio of dead-space ventilation (V D) to tidal ventilation (V T), as in physiologic research or the care of patients with respiratory disease. [1]
In respiratory physiology, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio) is a ratio used to assess the efficiency and adequacy of the ventilation-perfusion coupling and thus the matching of two variables: V – ventilation – the air that reaches the alveoli; Q – perfusion – the blood that reaches the alveoli via the capillaries
Dead space refers to the volume not taking part in gas exchange. [11] Alveolar dead space and insufficient perfusion result in a V/Q ratio above 0.8 with decreased fresh oxygen in the alveoli. [ 1 ] This might have been caused by blood clotting , heart failure , pulmonary emphysema , or damage in alveolar capillaries .
= p A O 2, p E O 2, and p i O 2 are the partial pressures of oxygen in alveolar, expired, and inspired gas, respectively, and VD/VT is the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume. [ 9 ] Respiratory quotient (R)
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The healthy human body will alter minute volume in an attempt to maintain physiologic homeostasis. A normal minute volume while resting is about 5–8 liters per minute in humans. [1] Minute volume generally decreases when at rest, and increases with exercise. For example, during light activities minute volume may be around 12 litres.